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Beginner's Page
What's on this Page:
Beekeeping Definitions
Install packages in cold weather
Equipment Drawings & Dimensions
Terramycin Grease Patty Formula
Feeding Bees With Hard Candy
Beekeeping Terms
Adulteration:Introducing anything into honey such as high fructose honey without proper labeling.
Beeswax: waxy material produced by worker bee and used to build combs.
Comb honey:
honey produced by bees in small retangular boxes and sold in this form.
It also refers to containers with a piece of comb with extracted liquid
honey surrounding it.
Drones: male bees. Their main function in the colony is to fertilize the queen.
Extracted honey: liquid honey removed from combs and sold in jars or cans.
Foundation:
thin sheets of beeswax imprinted with the pattern of honey cells by
metal rollers when it is processed. These sheets are fastened into
frames as "starters" for the bees in making the combs.
Frames: the removable wooden structures which are placed in the hive bodies and supers. Bees build their combs within these forms.
Racks:Another term used instead of frames.
Hive bodies: First two boxes placed on the bottom board.
Generally refer to full deep boxes. The hive bodies will contain the
brood nest of the colony.
Larva:grub-like, immature form of the bee, after it has developed
from the egg and before it has gone into the resting stage in
preparation for the change to adult form.
Nectar: sweet fluid produced by flowers and converted into honey by honeybees
Pollen: very small dust-like grains produced by flowers. These are the male germ cells of the plant.
Propolis: brownish gum gathered by bees from trees and buds. They use it to close openings in the hive.
Pupa: immature form of bee during the resting stage while changing to the adult form
Queen: completely developed female who lays eggs and rules the colony
Royal jelly:
milky white secretion of young nurse bees that is fed to queen larvae
throughout their lives, and to worker and drone larvae only during their
early larval lives
Super: supplementary boxes placed on top of the hive body for storage of surplus honey. Can be deep or shallow boxes.
Supersedure: when a colony with an old or failing queen rears a daughter to replace her
Trachael Mites:Microscopic mites that reside in the tracheal tubes of adult honeybees. Infected bees often can not fly. If not
controlled, can be fatal to the hive.
Varroa Mites:External mites that feed off the adult bees and pupae in the combs. Often spread various viruses and if untreated can
be fatal to the colony.
Workers:
incompletely developed female bees that do not normally lay eggs. They
gather nectar and convert it into honey and take care of the immature
bees
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Terramycin Extender Patty
A Extender patty is useful for the prevention
of American and European foulbrood. The extender patty without the
Terramycin is thought to be useful against Trachael mites. The formula
for the Terramycin extender patty is:
1) 3 pounds vegatable shortening (make sure there is no animal fat)
2) 6 pounds granulated sugar
3) 1 6.4 Oz. package TM25 Teramycin
Mix the granulated sugar and Terramycin completely. Mix the sugar-Terramycin
mixture completely with the shortening. Put about 1/2 pound of the mixture
between two pieces wax paper and place on the hive right above the brood
chamber. Makes about 18 patties. NOTE: If you do not need all the patties
at one time, you can store the patties by putting each patty in a freezer
bag and freezing then. If they are frozen, the shelf life if very long.
The hard candy method is more work but reduces moisture problems associated
with syrup feeding during cold weather.
Preparing the candy
Ingredients: 12 pounds table sugar; 1 1/2 pounds honey; 1 1/4 quarts water;
1/4 teaspoon cream of tartar.
Heat the water while adding the sugar and
honey. Stir continuously until the mixture is liquid. Remove the spoon;
do not stir, but continue to heat the mixture. Heat the boiling mixture
to 238 F. Do not stir while cooking. When the temperature reaches 238 F,
remove from the heat source and add the cream of tartar. Cool the
mixture to 125 F and Stir vigorously until the mixture becomes cloudy
white. Pour the mixture into a rectangular cake pan or candy feeder box.
Candy molded in cake pan can be wrapped in wax paper and placed in the hive.
A candy feed box can be constructed from a piece of one-half inch plywood the size of an inner cover. A 1 ½-inch
rail is nailed around the perimeter of the plywood to make a tray. Nail
12 roofing nails into the inside bottom of the plywood tray to anchor
the candy after it hardens.
Place the tray, candy-side down, over the bees. Cover the tray with the inner and outer covers.
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